dECM and β-TCP incorporation effect on the highly porous injectable bio-glass bead for enhanced bone regeneration: In-vitro, in-vivo insights

초록

This study presents the development of an innovative injectable bioactive material, BG-ETa, for bone regeneration. Porcine-derived dermal extracellular matrix (dECM) was decellularized and combined with beta-tri calcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and porous bio-glass (BG) beads, followed by freeze-drying to produce surface-modified BG beads. Incorporating sodium alginate (SA) enhanced injectability of the system, enabling effective delivery to defect sites. Bio-glass promotes osteogenic support and osteogenesis. dECM, rich in essential proteins and growth factors, mimics the bone microenvironment to improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The bioactive dECM/beta-TCP coating on the bead surface offers neovascularization and early mineralization properties which ultimately facilitates new bone formation. In vitro assays demonstrated BG-ETa's biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and potential for osteogenic differentiation, with significant results in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining (ARS), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and gene expression through real-time PCR. In vivo implantation in rabbit femoral defects revealed promising degradation and significant bone regeneration after 4 and 8 weeks, as observed by histological analysis and micro-CT imaging. This injectable BGETa system holds promise as an effective alternative to traditional grafts, providing bioactive environment for enhanced bone regeneration with the potential to overcome limitations associated with autologous or allogeneic grafting.

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