기후위기와 우리나라 노동자 건강권: 국제 프레임워크와의 정합성 검토

초록

Objectives: The climate crisis increasingly threatens workers’ safety and health. Heatwaves, air pollution, infectious diseases, and extreme weather constitute multi-hazard occupational risks, with outdoor, platform, and migrant workers considered particularly vulnerable. This study synthesizes climate-related occupational safety and health (OSH) risks and maps international frameworks against South Korea’s policy responses along three axes-scope (multi-hazard coverage), implementation (inspection/reporting/training), and evaluation (indicators). Methods: We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature and policy documents (2015–2025) retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, KISS, and DBpia, supplemented by citation snowballing. World Health Organization (WHO), International Labour Organization (ILO), European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) documents were analyzed and compared with current South Korean OSH laws and guidance. Results and conclusions: South Korea has advanced in heat protection (mandatory measures effective 2025), but multi-hazard legal coverage, standardized implementation tools, and evaluation indicators beyond heat remain partial or absent relative to international guidance. Protections for vulnerable workers (including women, older adults, platform workers, and migrants) are limited, and climate-justice considerations are not yet mainstreamed.

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