Chronic lateral ankle instability: current concepts and management

초록

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common sequela of ankle sprains, particularly in physically active individuals and athletes. It is caused by mechanical laxity and functional deficits, leading to recurrent sprains and a “giving way” sensation. Accurate diagnosis requires thorough history-taking, physical examination, and imaging, including evaluation for associated pathologies, such as subtalar instability and rotational ankle instability. Conservative treatment remains the primary approach, focusing on neuromuscular training, proprioceptive exercises, and functional rehabilitation to restore dynamic stability. Surgical intervention is recommended for patients with persistent instability or significant mechanical laxity who are unresponsive to nonoperative management. Recent advances, such as arthroscopic repair and internal brace augmentation, provide improved stability and the potential for earlier return to sports. Athletes present unique challenges because of the high physical demands and the need for a timely return to play. Risk factor assessment, tailored rehabilitation, and surgical planning are crucial to optimizing outcomes in this population. More studies on biologic augmentation, minimally invasive techniques, and return-to-sport protocols will further improve CAI management and long-term joint health.

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