Multi-Objective Energy Management for an Integrated Energy System With Small Modular Reactors Considering Uncertainty

초록

An integrated energy system (IES) can alleviate energy crises, promote multi-energy complementarity, and enhance finer-grained energy development. Nuclear power is clean and efficient, mainly when using small modular reactors (SMRs), which increase power generation, improve system flexibility, and promote a low-carbon economy. This paper proposes a bi-layer scheduling framework for a SMR-connected integrated energy system (SMR-IES) to optimize operating cost, carbon emissions, and average demand-side flexibility during the peak period index. The first layer optimizes the multi-objective operation of SMR-IES using a hybrid of the improved augmented epsilon-constraint method and the modified technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution approach. This framework incorporates a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism alongside a multi-energy demand response program with a comprehensive user satisfaction index to account for carbon emissions throughout the entire process while enhancing demand-side flexibility for the SMR-IES. The second layer handles uncertainties using the information gap decision theory approach. The proposed method can determine a scheduling operation with predicted renewable energy sources, load, and energy price errors while keeping optimal objective values within acceptable bounds not higher than 35% of the nominal optimal values (beta = 0.35). Moreover, the proposed method offers a more efficient approach to managing uncertainty than stochastic and robust optimization methods.

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